E coli Explained: What Is It?
What is E. Coli?E. coli, also known as Escherichia coli, is a gram-negative, rod-shaped type of bacteria that can be found in the lower intestines of warm-blooded organisms. It is one of the most commonly identified bacteria in humans and is found in food, water, and soil. Although, it is usually considered to be harmless, some strains of E. coli can be pathogenic and cause disease and infections. Where is E. Coli Found?E. coli can be found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals, including humans, and even some cold-blooded animals such as reptiles. It is also commonly found in the environment including soil, water, and food sources. Many food sources, such as egg mayonnaise, raw milk, and raw fruits and vegetables can be contaminated with E. coli. It can also be found in the digestive tracts of healthy animals, including poultry, and some strains can spread through animal feces.Types of E. ColiThere are over 550 strains of E. coli, and the majority are harmless. However, there are some strains that are pathogenic and can cause infections in humans. These pathogenic strains are often referred to as “pathogenic E. coli” or “STEC” (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli). O157:H7 - This strain is the most well-known and most dangerous STEC. It is often found in undercooked or raw meat, especially ground beef. This strain is responsible for more than 200,000 foodborne illnesses each year. NTEC or non-O157 - This strain is found in many of the same food sources as O157:H7, but is not as dangerous. It is responsible for approximately 30,000 foodborne illnesses each year. EAEC or Enteropathogenic E. Coli - This strain causes an infection known as traveler's diarrhea and is typically found in contaminated water, food, and restaurants. EHEC or Enterohemorrhagic E. coli - This strain is related to EAEC, but can cause a severe infection that can lead to bloody diarrhea and other complications. It is typically found in raw or undercooked meat, especially ground beef.Symptoms of E. Coli InfectionThe symptoms of E. coli infection vary depending on the strain, but may include: Diarrhea (often bloody) Fever Abdominal cramps and pain Nausea and vomiting DehydrationTreatment for E. Coli InfectionE. coli infections are usually treated with antibiotics, although in some cases, a person may be able to recover without treatment. In more severe cases, a person may require hospitalization, as E. coli infections can be dangerous and even life-threatening in some cases. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have an E. coli infection.Preventing E. Coli InfectionsThe best way to prevent E. coli infections is to be careful with food handling and hygiene practices. Make sure to always thoroughly cook meat, especially ground beef, and avoid cross-contamination between raw food and cooked food. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating, and always wash your hands after handling raw meat, and before and after handling food. It is also important to be careful with what you consume, and only drink water from a safe source.