What is the Common Cold, and How Do We Treat It?
The Common ColdThe common cold is a highly contagious viral infection. It is responsible for over one million doctor visits every year in the U.S. alone. It impacts people of all ages, including the very young and the elderly. Common colds can last for up to two weeks, but in some cases can last even longer.What Causes the Common Cold?The most common cause of the common cold is a viral infection. The virus can vary in severity, but may include the rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Most cases are mild and typically last for a few days to a week.What are the Symptoms?Common cold symptoms may include: Sneezing Runny or Stuffy Nose Scratchy or Sore Throat Coughing Headaches Low Grade Fever Low EnergyHow is the Common Cold Treated?The good news is that the common cold usually resolves on its own. It's important to keep the virus contained, so follow these simple steps for symptom relief: Get plenty of rest and sleep. Drink fluids to stay hydrated and keep mucus membranes lubricated. Gargle with warm salt water to relieve a sore throat. Use a humidifier to keep the air moist. This can ease congestion. Use acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin or Advil) to reduce any fever. Use decongestants such as Sudafed or lemon drops. Avoid cigarette smoke and any other irritants that can make the infection worse.It is also important to wash your hands often with soap and hot water to prevent the virus from spreading. You should also avoid contact with those that are sick and take steps to avoid catching the virus such as avoiding large groups of people, avoid touching your face, and wiping down common surfaces in your home or work.When Should I See a Doctor?While the common cold usually resolves on its own, there may be times when it is recommended that you see a doctor. This may include if symptoms last for more than two weeks, or if there is a fever over 101.5 degrees Fahrenheit. Your doctor may suggest additional treatments, depending on your circumstances, such as antibiotics or steroids if bacterial or allergic infections are causing the cold. In very severe cases, your doctor may recommend hospitalization.Although a cold can be both annoying and uncomfortable, most cases will pass on their own. If you have any questions or concerns about your cold, talk to your doctor or contact an online medical professional.