Giardiasis: What is it Exactly?
What is Giardiasis?Giardiasis is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. Infections can occur in animals and humans and can be found in many different countries.How Do I Get Infected?Infection occurs when people ingest cysts of the organism from water, food, soil or surfaces; once inside the digestive system the cysts excyst and release the organism. Infection can also be acquired by direct contact with another person, such as through swimming in a contaminated lake or canal.Signs & SymptomsCommon signs and symptoms of giardiasis include watery diarrhea, gas, bloating, nausea, greasy stools, and abdominal cramps. Symptoms usually start within three days of infection and can last for two to six weeks, but may continue chronically for months or longer. DiagnosisDiagnosis is usually based on a stool analysis, which detects the organism. If the stool analysis is negative, a more sensitive test such as an iodine or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) may be used to detect Giardia antigens in the stool. Additionally, analysis of duodenal biopsy specimens obtained during an endoscopy may be used to aid in diagnosis.TreatmentGiardiasis can usually be treated effectively with antibiotics. Commonly prescribed drugs include metronidazole, furazolidone, tinidazole and quinacrine. Treatment should be completed even if the symptoms have resolved, as this can help prevent a recurrence.PreventionThe most effective way to prevent giardiasis is to practice good hygiene. This includes washing hands with soap and water after toilet visits, and especially after changing diapers or coming into contact with animals. Avoiding swallowing water that may be contaminated with Giardia, and not drinking from high-risk sources of water, can also help reduce the risk of infection.