A Closer Look at Meningitis: How it Spreads
Understanding Meningitis
Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes called the meninges that surround your brain and spinal cord. It can be life-threatening because the swelling caused by the infection can restrict blood flow to the brain.
Meningitis can be difficult for doctors to diagnose as the symptoms are non-specific and can range from mild to severe.
Types of Meningitis
Meningitis can be caused by several different viruses and bacteria. The most common types are:
Bacterial meningitis
Viral meningitis
Fungal meningitis
Bacterial Meningitis
Bacterial meningitis is the most severe type and is caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and travelling up to the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by bacteria such as meningococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae or listeria monocytogenes. Symptoms can include a fever, confusion, light sensitivity, muscle and joint pain, a stiff neck and a sudden onset of a severe headache.
Viral Meningitis
Viral meningitis is usually less severe than bacterial meningitis and is caused by one of several viruses, such as the mumps virus, herpes viruses, echovirus or enteroviruses. Symptoms can include a fever, headache, body aches, vomiting and confusion.
Fungal Meningitis
Fungal meningitis is often the least severe type and is caused by fungi such as cryptococcus neoformans or candida species. Symptoms can include a fever, headache, stiff neck, confusion and drowsiness.
How Does Meningitis Spread?
Meningitis is most often spread through contact with someone who has the infection or through contaminated food or water. Meningococcal bacteria is spread by direct contact with saliva through kissing or coughing, and bacterial meningitis can also be spread by sharing items such as cigarettes, eating utensils or drinking glasses. Viral meningitis is usually spread by contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva or mucus, or by contact with surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus.
Preventing Meningitis
The best way to protect yourself and others from the spread of meningitis is to practice good hygiene and avoid close contact with people who have or are suspected to have meningitis. Additionally, vaccination against the most common causes of meningitis is also recommended, as it is the most effective way to prevent meningitis.
Treating Meningitis
Treatment for meningitis depends on the cause, but typically antibiotics are used to treat bacterial meningitis and antiviral medications can be used to treat viral meningitis. The most important thing is to seek medical help as soon as you or your child shows any symptoms of meningitis.
This guide is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace medical advice. If you have any questions or concerns, please consult your health care provider.